Bakti Sosial

Foto ini diambil sekitar setahun yang lalu, tepatnya ketika saya duduk di kelas 10. Saya bersama beberapa teman saya mengunjungi panti asuhan karena pada saat itu kami mendapat tugas untuk menyantuni orang lain. Kami bertigabelas memilih mengunjungi Panti Asuhan Al-Khairan yang terletak di dekat SMPN 252 Jakarta. Pada awalnya, kami berkumpul dahulu di sekolah. Kemudian teman saya yang membawa motor, memboncengi teman saya yang lain. Perjalanan menuju Panti Asuhan Al-Khairan ditepuh dalam waktu sekitar 25 menit dari SMAN 71 Jakarta. Di perjalanan, kami seperti sebuah pasukan konvoi karena kami bagaikan sebuah grup yang sedang melakukan konvoi. Perjalanan pada saat itu sangat seru. Setibanya di sana, kami meminta izin kepada ibu panti sekaligus menyerahkan bahan makanan pokok yang ingin kami sumbangkan. Di panti asuhan ini, kami bercengkerama dengan anak anak penghuni panti. Mereka terlihat sangat gembira melihat kedatangan kami. Setelah beberapa lama di sana, kami mohon pamit pulang kepada ibu panti. Kegiatan ini semakin membuat saya menjadi akrab dengan teman sekelasku waktu kela 10:)

GPL License, GNU License, Open Source, dan Propietary Software

GPL (General Public License) adalah sebuah lisensi yang menyatakan bahwa sebuah karya intelektual (biasanya software) bebas dipakai, disalin, diedarkan, bahkan dikembangkan oleh siapapun tanpa harus membayar atau ijin terlebih dulu. GPL atau bila diterjemahkan menjadi Lisensi Publik Umum pertama kali dibuat oleh Richard Stallman untuk proyek-proyek pembuatan software di bawah bendera GNU. Contoh: PHP, MySQL, Apache, Joornla, Wordpress, Mozzila, dl GNU adalah Software yang dalam lisensinya mengizinkan siapapun untuk menggunakan, menyalin/menggandakan, dan mendistribusikannya, sesuai aslinya atau sudah dimodifikasi, baik gratis maupun dengan memungut biaya. Dengan syarat utama, source codenya harus tersedia. Contoh: Linux, GNOME, GIMP. Open Source adalah software yang membuka/membebaskan source codenya untuk dilihat oleh orang lain dan membiarkan orang lain mengetahui cara kerja software tersebut dan sekaligus memperbaiki kesalahan atau kekurangan pada software tersebut. Contoh: PHP, MySQL, Linux, Apache (web server), perl, fetchmail, FreeBSD, Mozilla, X, Perl, OpenOffice. Propietary Software adalah software komersial yang bersifat close source, merupakan kebalikan dari free software. Contoh: MS Windows, MS Office SEMOGA BERMANFAAT :)

Sasak

The Sasak live mainly on the island of Lombok, Indonesia, numbering around 2.6 million (85% of Lombok's population). They are related to the Balinese in language and race, although the Sasak are predominantly Muslim while the Balinese are Hindu.

The Sasak language is closely related to the languages of Bali and Sumbawa, and to most other languages of Indonesia more distantly.

Little is known about Sasak history except that Lombok was placed under direct rule of the Majapahit prime Minister, patih Gajah Mada. The Sasaks converted to Islam between the late 16th century to early 17th century under the influence of Sunan Giri and the Muslim Makassarese, frequently mixing basic Islamic beliefs alongside with Hindu-Buddhist beliefs, thus creating the Wektu Telu religion. Lombok was conquered by the Gelgel Balinese kingdom in the early 18th century, thus bringing a large population of Balinese to Lombok. The Balinese population of Lombok today is about 300,000, 10-15% of Lombok's population. The Balinese have also strongly influenced the Wektu Telu religion of Lombok.

Most of the Sasaks today are adherents of the Wektu Lima version of Islam. Wektu Lima or Five Times signifies the five daily prayers which Muslims are required to do.

The term Wektu Lima is used to distinguish them from the Sasaks who are practitioners of Wektu Telu or Three Times who only pray three times a day. Orthodox Islamic teachers generally instruct adherents to pray five times a day.

Large numbers of people adhering to the Wektu Telu faith can be still found throughout the island, especially in the village of Bayan, where the religion originated. Large Wektu Telu communities can be still found in Mataram, Pujung, Sengkol, Rambitan, Sade, Tetebatu, Bumbung, Sembalun, Senaru, Loyok and Pasugulan. A small minority of Sasaks called the Bodha (estimated population: 8,000) are mainly found in the village of Bentek and on the slopes of Gunung Rinjani. They are totally untouched by Islamic influence and worship animistic gods, incorporating some Hindu and Buddhist influences in their rituals and religious vocabulary. This group of Sasak, due in part to the name of their tribe, are recognized as Buddhists by the Indonesian government.

The Bodha have the same magico-religious officials and institutions as the Wektu Telu (with the exception of course of the Kiyai, the Wektu Telu religious official dealing with all aspects of the Wektu Telu religion which mixes Islam and animism). The Bodhas recognize the existence of five main gods, the highest of which is Batara Guru, followed by Batara Sakti and Batara Jeneng with their wives Idadari Sakti and Idadari Jeneng, though they also believe in spirits and ghosts. The Bodha religion is also to some extent influenced by both Hindu and Buddhistconcepts. Of late, they have come under the influence of mainstream Buddhism from Buddhist missionaries.

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Ica Stone

                                                                        

An Ica stone depicting a dragon-like animal

An Ica stone depicting a fight with monsters.

The Ica stones are a collection of andesite stones that bear a variety of diagrams, including depictions of dinosaurs and what is alleged to be advanced technology. They were popularized by Peruvian physician Javier Cabrera. They are considered to be a modern hoax created by Peruvian locals.

Description

The stones are composed of andesite and vary in size from pebbles to boulders. They are shallowly engraved with a variety of images, purportedly depicting a variety of phenomena.

·         Incan or Aztec men riding and attacking dinosaurs

·         Extinct animals

·         Surgeons and astronomers performing advanced works

·         Star and land maps

The stones that contradict extant knowledge of Peruvian prehistory are considered prime examples of out-of-place artifacts. The stones themselves cannot be carbon dated due to a lack of organic deposits.

History

Origins

In the past, a number of engraved stones were uncovered in the context of archaeological excavations, and some engraved stones may have been brought from Peru to Spain in the 16th century.

Popularization by Cabrera

A collection of Ica stones surrounding a portrait of Javier Cabrera

Peruvian physician Javier Cabrera Darquea was presented with a stone that had a carved picture of what Cabrera believed to be an extinct fish by a friend for his 42nd birthday in 1966. Having an interest in Peruvian prehistory, Cabrera began collecting them. This supplemented an existing collection of stones gathered by his father from their plantation in the 1930s. Cabrera's collection burgeoned, reaching more than 10,000 stones in the 1970s. Cabrera published a book, The Message of the Engraved Stones of Ica on the subject, discussing his theories of the origins and meaning of the stones.

Though Cabrera's collection is the largest, other collections exist or existed as well. These include the Callao Naval Museum collection, several stones residing in the Regional Museum of Ica, and multiple stones in the Peruvian Aeronautical Museum

Cabrera's fraudulent stones

In 1973 Uschuya confirmed that he had forged the stones he gave to Cabrera during an interview with Erich von Däniken, copying the images from comic books, text books and magazines but later recanted that claim during an interview with a German journalist, saying that he had claimed they were a hoax to avoid imprisonment for selling archaeological artifacts. In 1977, during the BBC documentary Pathway to the Gods, Uschuya produced an Ica stone with a dentist's drill and claimed to have produced the patina by baking the stone in cow dung. The Ica stones achieved popular interest when Cabrera abandoned his medical career and opened a museum to feature several thousand of the stones in 1996. That same year, another BBC documentary was released with a skeptical analysis of Cabrera's stones, and the newfound attention to the phenomenon prompted Peruvian authorities to arrest Uschuya, as Peruvian law prohibits the sales of archaeological discoveries. Uschuya recanted his claim that he had found them and instead admitted they were hoaxes, saying "Making these stones is easier than farming the land." He also said that he had not made all the stones. He was not punished, and continued to sell similar stones to tourists as trinkets. The stones continued to be made and carved by other artists as forgeries of the original forgeries.

Impact

The stones have been used by some creationists to show evidence of humans living in proximity with dinosaurs; believers in ancient astronauts as evidence of a lost, advanced civilization brought to man from other planets; and mytho-historians claiming them as evidence that ancient myths are accurate histories. They have also generated a large amount of literature written to refute those claims.